MANAGEMENT
OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES
SCHEDULE - II
[see
rules 6(1) and (3), 7(1)]
|
Sl.
No.
|
Parameters
|
Compliance
criteria
|
|
1.
|
Collection
of municipal solid wastes |
1.
Littering of municipal solid waste shall be prohibited in cities,
towns
and in urban areas notified by the State
Governments. To prohibit
littering and facilitate compliance,
the following steps shall be taken
by the municipal authority, namely :-
- Organising
house-to-house collection of municipal solid wastes through
any of the methods, like community bin collection (central bin),
house-to-house collection, collection on regular pre-informed
timings and scheduling by using bell ringing of musical vehicle
(without exceeding permissible noise levels);
- Devising
collection of waste from slums and squatter areas or localities
including hotels, restaurants, office complexes and commercial
areas;
- Wastes
from slaughter houses, meat and fish markets, fruits and vegetable
markets, which are biodegradable in nature, shall be managed
to make use of such wastes;
-
Biomedical wastes and industrial wastes shall not be mixed with
municipal solid wastes and such wastes shall follow the rules
separately specified for the purpose;
-
Collected waste from residential and other areas shall be transferred
to community bin by hand-driven containerised carts or other
small vehicles;
-
Horticultural and construction or demolition wastes or debris
shall be separately collected and disposed off following proper
norms. Similarly, wastes generated at dairies shall be regulated
in accordance with the State laws;
-
Waste (garbage, dry leaves) shall not be burnt;
-
Stray animals shall not be allowed to move around waste storage
facilities or at any other place in the city or town and shall
be managed in accordance with the State laws.
2.
The municipal authority shall notify waste collection schedule
and
the likely method to be adopted for public
benefit in a city or town.
3.
It shall be the responsibility of generator of wastes to avoid
littering
and ensure delivery of wastes in accordance
with the collection and
segregation system to be notified by the municipal
authority as per
para 1(2) of this Schedule.
|
|
2.
|
Segregation
of municipal solid wastes
|
In
order to encourage the citizens, municipal authority shall organise
awareness programmes for segregation of wastes and shall promote
recycling or reuse of segregated materials.
The
municipal authority shall undertake phased programme to ensure
community participation in waste segregation. For this purpose,
regular meetings at quarterly intervals shall be arranged by the
municipal authorities with representatives of local resident welfare
associations and non-governmental organisations.
|
|
3.
|
Storage
of municipal solid wastes
|
Municipal
authorities shall establish and maintain storage facilities in
such a manner as they do not create unhygienic and unsanitary
conditions around it. Following criteria shall be taken into account
while establishing and maintaining storage facilities, namely
:-
- Storage
facilities shall be created and established by taking into account
quantities of waste generation in a given area and the population
densities. A storage facility shall be so placed that it is
accessible to users;
- Storage
facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other
agency shall be so designed that wastes stored are not exposed
to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and
user-friendly;
- Storage
facilities or ‘bins’ shall have ‘easy to operate’ design for
handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage
of biodegradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage
of recyclable wastes shall be printed white and those for storage
of other wastes shall be printed black;
- Manual
handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to
constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper
precaution with due care for safety of workers.
|
|
4.
|
Transportation
of municipal solid wastes
|
Vehicles
used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should
not be visible to public, nor exposed to open environment preventing
their scattering. The following criteria shall be met, namely:-
- The
storage facilities set up by municipal authorities shall be
daily attended for clearing of wastes. The bins or containers
wherever placed shall be cleaned before they start overflowing;
- Transportation
vehicles shall be so designed that multiple handling of wastes,
prior to final disposal, is avoided.
|
|
5.
|
Processing
of municipal solid wastes
|
Municipal
authorities shall adopt suitable technology or combination of
such technologies to make use of wastes so as to minimise burden
on landfill. Following criteria shall be adopted, namely:-
- The
biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermi
composting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological
processing for stabilisation of wastes. It shall be ensured
that compost or any other end product shall comply with standards
as specified in Schedule-IV;
- Mixed
waste containing recoverable resources shall follow the route
of recycling. Incineration with or without energy recovery including
pelletisation can also be used for processing wastes in specific
cases. Municipal authority or the operator of a facility wishing
to use other state-of-the-art technologies shall approach the
Central Pollution Control Board to get the standards laid down
before applying for grant of authorisation.
|
|
6.
|
Disposal
of municipal solid wastes
|
Land
filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert waste
and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or
for biological processing. Land filling shall also be carried
out for residues of waste processing facilities as well as pre-processing
rejects from waste processing facilities. Land filling of mixed
waste shall be avoided unless the same is found unsuitable for
waste processing. Under unavoidable circumstances or till installation
of alternate facilities, land-filling shall be done following
proper norms. Landfill sites shall meet the specifications as
given in Schedule –III.
|
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR LANDFILL SITES
Schedule
III
[see
rules 6(1) and (3), 7(2)]
Site
Selection
1.
In areas falling under the jurisdiction of ‘Development Authorities’
it shall be the responsibility of such
Development
Authorities to identify the landfill sites and hand over the sites to
the concerned municipal
authority
for development, operation and maintenance. Elsewhere, this responsibility
shall lie with the
concerned municipal authority.
2.
Selection of landfill sites shall be based on examination of environmental
issues. The Department of
Urban Development of the State or the Union territory shall co-ordinate
with the concerned organisations
for obtaining the necessary approvals and clearances.
3. The
landfill site shall be planned and designed with proper documentation
of a phased construction
plan as well as a closure plan.
4.
The landfill sites shall be selected to make use of nearby wastes processing
facility. Otherwise, wastes
processing
facility shall be planned as an integral part of the landfill site.
5.
The existing landfill sites which continue to be used for more than
five years, shall be improved in
accordance
of the specifications given in this Schedule.
6.
Biomedical wastes shall be disposed off in accordance with the Biomedical
Wastes (Management and
Handling)
Rules, 1998 and hazardous wastes shall be managed in accordance with
the Hazardous Wastes
(Management
and Handling ) Rules, 1989, as amended from time to time.
7.
The landfill site shall be large enough to last for 20-25 years.
8.
The
landfill site shall be away from habitation clusters, forest areas,
water bodies monuments, National
Parks, Wetlands and places of important cultural, historical or religious
interest.
9.
A buffer zone of no-development shall be maintained around landfill
site and shall be incorporated in the
Town Planning Department’s land-use plans.
10.
Landfill site shall be away from airport including airbase. Necessary
approval of airport or airbase
authorities prior to the setting up of the landfill site shall be obtained
in cases where the site is to be
located within 20 km of an airport or airbase.
Facilities at the Site
11.
Landfill site shall be fenced or hedged and provided with proper gate
to monitor incoming vehicles or other
modes of transportation.
12.
The landfill site shall be well protected to prevent entry of unauthorised
persons and stray animals.
13.
Approach and other internal roads for free movement of vehicles and
other machinery shall exist at the
landfill site.
14.
The landfill site shall have wastes inspection facility to monitor wastes
brought in for landfill, office facility
for record keeping and shelter for keeping equipment and machinery including
pollution monitoring
equipments.
15.
Provisions like weigh bridge to measure quantity of waste brought at
landfill site, fire protection
equipments and other facilities as may be required shall be provided.
16.
Utilities such as drinking water (preferably bathing facilities for
workers) and lighting arrangements for
easy landfill operations when carried out in night hours shall be provided.
17.
Safety provisions including health inspections of workers at landfill
site shall be periodically made.
Specifications
for land filling
18.
Wastes subjected to land filling shall be compacted in thin layers using
landfill compactors to achieve
high density of the wastes. In high rainfall areas where heavy compactors
cannot be used alternative
measures shall be adopted.
19.
Wastes shall be covered immediately or at the end of each working day
with minimum 10 cm of soil, inert
debris or construction material till such time waste processing facilities
for composting or recycling or
energy recovery are set up as per Schedule I.
20.
Prior to the commencement of monsoon season, an intermediate cover of
40-65 cm thickness of soil
shall be placed on the landfill with proper compaction and grading to
prevent infiltration during monsoon.
Proper
drainage berns shall be constructed to divert run-off away from the
active cell of the landfill.
21.
After completion of landfill, a final cover shall be designed to minimise
infiltration and erosion. The final
cover shall meet the following specifications, namely:
a. The
final cover shall have a barrier soil layer comprising of 60 cms of
clay or amended soil with
permeability coefficient less that 1 x 10-7 cm/sec.
b. On
top of the barrier soil layer there shall be a drainage layer of 15
cm.
c. On
top of the drainage layer there shall be a vegetative layer of 45 cm
to support natural plant
growth and to minimise erosion.
Pollution prevention
22. In
order to prevent pollution problems from landfill operations, the following
provisions shall be made,
namely :-
Diversion
of storm water drains to minimise leachate generation and prevent pollution
of surface water
and also for avoiding flooding and creation of marshy conditions;
(a) Construction
of a non-permeable lining system at the base and walls of waste disposal
area. For
landfill receiving residues of waste processing facilities or mixed
waste or waste having
contamination of hazardous materials (such as aerosols, bleaches, polishes,
batteries, waste oils,
paint products and pesticides) minimum liner specifications shall be
a composite barrier having 1.5
mm high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane, or equivalent, overlying
90 cm of soil (clay or
amended soil) having permeability coefficient not greater than 1 x 10-7
cm/sec. The highest level of
water table shall be at least two meter below the base of clay or amended
soil barrier layer;
(b) Provisions
for management of leachates collection and treatment shall be made.
The treated
leachates shall meet the standards specified in Schedule- IV;
(c) Prevention
of run-off from landfill area entering any stream, river, lake or pond.
Water Quality Monitoring
23. Before
establishing any landfill site, baseline data of ground water quality
in the area shall be collected
and kept in record for future reference. The ground water quality within
50 metres of the periphery of
landfill site shall be periodically monitored to ensure that the ground
water is not contaminated beyond
acceptable limit as decided by the Ground Water Board or the State Board
or the Committee. Such
monitoring shall be carried out to cover different seasons in a year
that is, summer, monsoon and
post-monsoon period.
24. Usage
of groundwater in and around landfill sites for any purpose (including
drinking and irrigation) is to
be considered after ensuring its quality. The following specifications
for drinking water quality shall apply
for monitoring purpose, namely:
|
Sl.
No.
|
Parameters
|
IS
10500: 1991 Desirable limit
( mg/l;
except for pH)
|
|
1.
|
Arsenic
|
0.05
|
|
2.
|
Cadmium
|
0.01
|
|
3
|
Chromium
|
0.05
|
|
4.
|
Copper
|
0.05
|
|
5.
|
Cyanide
|
0.05
|
|
6.
|
Lead
|
0.05
|
|
7.
|
Mercury
|
0.001
|
|
8.
|
Nickel
|
-
|
|
9.
|
Nitrate
as NO3
|
45.0
|
|
10
|
pH
|
6.5-8.5
|
|
11.
|
Iron
|
0.3
|
|
12.
|
Total
hardness (as CaCO3)
|
300.0
|
|
13.
|
Chlorides
|
250
|
|
14.
|
Dissolved
solids
|
500
|
|
15.
|
Phenolic
compounds (as C6H5OH)
|
0.001
|
|
16.
|
Zinc
|
5.0
|
|
17.
|
Sulphate
(as SO4)
|
200
|
Ambient
Air Quality Monitoring
25. Installation
of landfill gas control system including gas collection system shall
be made at landfill site
to minimise odour generation, prevent off-site migration of gases and
to protect vegetation planted on
the rehabilitated landfill surface.
26. The
concentration of methane gas generated at landfill site shall not exceed
25 per cent of the lower
explosive limit (LEL).
27. The
landfill gas from the collection facility at a landfill site shall be
utilised for either direct thermal
applications or power generation, as per viability. Otherwise, landfill
gas shall be burnt (flared) and
shall not be allowed to directly escape to the atmosphere or for illegal
tapping. Passive venting shall
be allowed if its utilisation or flaring is not possible.
28. Ambient
air quality at the landfill site and at the vicinity shall be monitored
to meet the following
specified standards, namely:
|
Sl.
No.
|
Parameters
|
Acceptable
levels
|
|
(i)
|
Sulphur
dioxide
|
120
mg/m3 (24 hour)
|
|
(ii)
|
Suspended
Particulate Matter
|
500
mg/m3 (24 hour)
|
|
(iii)
|
Methane
|
Not
to exceed 25 per cent of the lower explosive limit (equivalent
to 650 mg/m3 )
|
|
(iv)
|
Ammonia
daily average
(Sample
duration 24 hrs)
|
0.4
mg/m3 (400 mg/m3)
|
|
(v)
|
Carbon
monoxide
|
1
hour average : 2 mg/m3
8
hour average : 1 mg/m3
|
29.
The ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out by the concerned
authority as per the following
schedule, namely:
(a) Six
times in a year for cities having population of more than fifty lakhs;
(b)
Four times in a year for cities having population between ten and
fifty lakhs;
(c)
Two times in a year for town or cities having population between one
and ten lakhs.
Plantation
at Landfill Site
30.
A vegetative cover shall be provided over the completed site in accordance
with the and following
specifications, namely :-
(a)
Selection of locally adopted non-edible perennial plants that are
resistant to drought and extreme
temperatures shall be allowed to grow;
(b)
The plants grown be such that their roots do not penetrate more than
30 cms. This condition shall
apply till the landfill is stabilised;
(c)
Selected plants shall have ability to thrive on low-nutrient soil
with minimum nutrient addition;
(d)
Plantation to be made in sufficient density to minimise soil erosion.
Closure
of Landfill Site and Post-care
31.
The post-closure care of landfill site shall be conducted for at least
fifteen years and long term
monitoring or care plan shall consist of the following, namely :-
(a)
Maintaining the integrity and effectiveness
of final cover, making repairs and preventing run-on
and run-off from eroding or otherwise damaging the final cover;
(b)
Monitoring leachate collection system in accordance with the requirement;
(c)
Monitoring of ground water in accordance with requirements and
maintaining ground water quality;
(d)
Maintaining and operating the landfill gas collection system to
meet the standards.
32.
Use of closed landfill sites after fifteen years of post-closure
monitoring can be considered for human
settlement or otherwise only after ensuring that gaseous and leachate
analysis comply with the
specified standards.
Special
provisions for hilly areas
33.
Cities and towns located on hills shall have location-specific methods
evolved for final disposal of solid
wastes by the municipal authority with the approval of the concerned
State Board or the Committee.
The municipal authority shall set up processing facilities for utilisation
of biodegradable organic wastes.
The inert and non-biodegradable waste shall be used for building roads
or filling-up of appropriate areas
on hills. Because of constraints in finding adequate land in hilly areas,
wastes not suitable for road-laying
or filling up shall be disposed of in specially designed landfills.
STANDARDS
FOR COMPOSTING, TREATED LEACHATES AND INCINERATION
Schedule IV
[see rules 6(1) and (3), 7(2)]
1. The
waste processing or disposal facilities shall include composting, incineration,
pelletisation, energy
recovery or any other facility based on state-of-the-art technology
duly approved by the Central Pollution
Control Board
2. In
case of engagement of private agency by the municipal authority, a specific
agreement between the
municipal authority and the private agency shall be made particularly,
for supply of solid waste and other
relevant terms and conditions.
3. In
order to prevent pollution problems from compost plant and other processing
facilities, the following
shall be complied with, namely :-
i. The
incoming wastes at site shall be maintained prior to further processing.
To the extent possible,
the waste storage area should be covered. If, such storage is done in
an open area, it shall be
provided with impermeable base with facility for collection of leachate
and surface water run-off into
lined drains leading to a leachate treatment and disposal facility;
ii. Necessary
precautions shall be taken to minimise nuisance of odour, flies, rodents,
bird menace
and fire hazard;
iii. In
case of breakdown or maintenance of plant, waste intake shall be stopped
and arrangements be
worked out for diversion of wastes to the landfill site;
iv. Pre-process
and post-process rejects shall be removed from the processing facility
on regular
basis and shall not be allowed to pile at the site. Recyclables shall
be routed through appropriate
vendors. The non recyclables shall be sent for well designed landfill
site(s).
v.
In case of compost plant, the windrow area shall be provided with
impermeable base. Such a base
shall be made of concrete or compacted clay, 50 cm thick, having permeability
coefficient less than
10–7 cm/sec. The base shall be provided with 1 to 2 per cent slope and
circled by lined drains for
collection of leachate or surface run-off;
vi. Ambient
air quality monitoring shall be regularly carried out particularly for
checking odour
nuisance at downwind direction on the boundary of processing plant.
vii. In
order to ensure safe application of compost, the following specifications
for compost quality
shall be met, namely:
|
Parameters
|
Concentration
not to exceed * (mg/kg dry basis , except pH value and C/N ratio)
|
|
Arsenic
|
10.00
|
|
Cadmium
|
5.00
|
|
Chromium
|
50.00
|
|
Copper
|
300.00
|
|
Lead
|
100.00
|
|
Mercury
|
0.15
|
|
Nickel
|
50.00
|
|
Zinc
|
1000.00
|
|
C/N
ratio
|
20-40
|
|
pH
|
5.5-8.5
|
*
Compost (final product) exceeding the above stated concentration
limits shall not be used for food crops.
However,
it may be utilise for purposes other than growing food crops.
4.
The disposal of treated leachates shall follow the following standards,
namely:
|
Sl.
No.
|
Parameter
|
Standards
(
Mode of Disposal )
|
|
Inland
surface water
|
Public
sewers
|
Land
disposal
|
|
1.
|
Suspended
solids, mg/l, max
|
100
|
600
|
200
|
|
2.
|
Dissolved
solids (inorganic) mg/l, max.
|
2100
|
2100
|
2100
|
|
3
|
pH
value
|
5.5
to 9.0
|
5.5
to 9.0
|
5.5
to 9.0
|
|
4
|
Ammonical
nitrogen (as N), mg/l, max.
|
50
|
50
|
-
|
|
5
|
Total
Kjeldahl nitrogen (as N), mg/l, max.
|
100
|
-
|
-
|
|
6
|
BOD
( 3 days at 270 C) max.(mg/l)
|
30
|
350
|
100
|
|
7
|
Chemical
oxygen demand, mg/l, max.
|
250
|
-
|
-
|
|
8
|
Arsenic
(as As), mg/l, max
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
|
9
|
Mercury
(as Hg), mg/l, max
|
0.01
|
0.01
|
-
|
|
10
|
Lead
(as Pb), mg/l, max
|
0.1
|
1.0
|
-
|
|
11
|
Cadmium
(as Cd), mg/l, max
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
-
|
|
12
|
Total
Chromium (as Cr), mg/l, max.
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
-
|
|
13
|
| |
